Các định nghĩa trong Glossary - B

back-to-back testing: Testing  in  which  two  or  more  variants  of  a  component  or  system  are executed   with   the   same   inputs,   the   outputs   compared,   and   analyzed   in   cases   of discrepancies. [IEEE 610]

balanced  scorecard: A  strategic  tool  for  measuring  whether  the  operational  activities  of  a company  are aligned with its objectives in terms of business vision and strategy. See also corporate dashboard, scorecard.

baseline: A specification or software product that has been formally reviewed or agreed upon, that  thereafter  serves  as  the  basis  for  further  development,  and  that  can  be  changed  only through a formal change control process. [After IEEE 610]

basic  block: A  sequence  of  one  or  more  consecutive  executable  statements  containing  no branches. Note: A node in a control flow graph represents a basic block.

basis  test  set: A  set  of  test  cases  derived  from  the  internal  structure  of  a  component  or specification to ensure that 100% of a specified coverage criterion will be achieved.

bebugging: [Abbott] See fault seeding.

behavior: The response of a component or system to a set of input values and preconditions.

benchmark  test: (1)  A  standard  against  which  measurements  or  comparisons  can  be  made. (2) A test that is be used to compare components or systems to each other or to a standard as in (1). [After IEEE 610]

bespoke  software: Software  developed  specifically  for  a  set  of  users or  customers.  The opposite is off-the-shelf software.

best  practice:  A  superior  method  or  innovative  practice  that  contributes  to  the  improved performance of an organization under given context, usually recognized as ‘best’ by other peer organizations.

beta  testing:  Operational  testing  by  potential  and/or  existing  users/customers  at  an  external site not otherwise involved with the developers, to determine whether or not a component or  system  satisfies  the  user/customer  needs  and  fits  within  the  business  processes.  Beta testing is often employed as a form of external acceptance testing for off-the-shelf software in order to acquire feedback from the market.

big-bang  testing: An  integration  testing  approach  in  which  software  elements,  hardware elements,  or  both  are  combined  all  at  once  into  a  component  or  an  overall  system,  rather than in stages. [After IEEE 610] See also integration testing.

black box technique: See black box test design technique.

black box test design technique: Procedure to derive and/or select test cases based on an  analysis of the specification, either functional or non-functional, of a component or system without reference to its internal structure.

black  box  testing:  Testing,  either  functional  or  non-functional,  without  reference  to  the internal structure of the component or system.

blocked  test  case: A  test  case  that  cannot  be  executed  because  the  preconditions  for  its execution are not fulfilled.